- About 2 minread
- General ideashold in most courts
- Checked October 26, 2026educational only
The short version
Separate what you know from what you believe or suspect. State what you can show with a paper, a record, or your own direct knowledge. Say clearly when you are not sure.
Three buckets
- I know it: I saw it, I signed it, I have the paper.
- I was told it: someone said so. Say who and when.
- I suspect it: it seems likely to me, but I can't show it. Be honest about that, or leave it out.
Habits that build trust
- Attach or point to the paper that shows each important fact.
- Keep dates exact. If you're unsure, say “on or about.”
- Correct your own mistakes quickly and plainly.
- Don't accuse anyone of wrongdoing unless you can show it with records.
Being careful isn't weakness. It is what makes the strong parts of your case believable.
Last checked: October 26, 2026. This page covers general ideas that hold in most courts. Rules differ by state and by court, so look up the rules for yours.
Educational information only. Not legal advice, not a law firm, and no attorney-client relationship. Nothing here tells you what to do in your own case.